Greg Francis, Preventing Deadly Conflict: Toward a World Without War. SPICE, 2000. Module introduction, pp. 1-3.

ROME

Alan K. Bowman, Edward Champlin and Andrew Lintott, eds. "Romanization and Resistance." The Cambridge Ancient History, second edition, vol 10, Cambridge University Press, 1996, pp. 610-615.

Fergus Millar. The Roman Near East 31 BC – AD 337. Harvard University Press, 1994, pp. ix-xiii, 1-7, 16-23.

Greg Woolf, Becoming Roman: The Origins of Provincial Civilization in Gaul.  Cambridge University Press, 1998. Pp. ix-xii, 1-7, 16-23.

Gruzinski, Serge. The Conquest of Mexico: the Incorportation of Indian Societies into the Colonial World, 16^th-18^th Centuries, Introduction, pp. 1-5, Chapter 2: "Memories to Order," pp. 70-97.

AFRICA

"The African Renaissance, South Africa and the World." Speech by Deputy President Thabo Mbeki at the United Nations University. www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/mbeki/1998/sp980409.html.

This article provides a general overview of the effects of British rule in India. It briefly examines the impacts of British rule on things like the economy, society, customs, etc. It connects the past to the present and provides some understanding of the nature of contemporary India.

P. J. Marshall. "Caste, tribe, or class? Social change in India and Africa under British rule" Empire in Retrospect, p. 377

This is a very brief piece on caste in Idia, and provides an initial understanding of how caste was reinvented under British rule.

Jenny Sharpe. "The Civilizing Mission Disfigured" in Allegories of Empire: The Figure of Woman in the Colonial Text. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993, pp. 57-82.

This article explores British reactions to the Indian Mutiny of 1857 (or Rebellion, as it is sometimes termed), which ended the period of East India Company Rule in India and replaced it with direct rule by the British crown. This piece provides an excellent overview of how the Mutiny completely changed British beliefs that they could and should make India "British in all but blood," and in some senses irreparably British and Indian perceptions of each other. By looking at some of the gender and racial implications of the Mutiny, this piece is an interesting way to examine the depth of the impact that the Mutiny had on post-Mutiny India.

This is rather a long selection and you are invited to skim the background and use it as a future reference.

ISRAEL
Don Peretz, "The Arab-Israel Dispute." Chronology. Facts On File, Inc. 1996. (4 pp).

Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Extremes, NY: Vintage, 1994, "End of Socialism" pp. 480-487.

James von Geldern and Richard Stites, eds. Mass Culture in Soviet Russia: Tales, Poems, Songs, Movies, Plays and Folklore, 1917-1953. Indiana University Press, 1995. (6 pp).

WESTERN EUROPE
"A Survey of Europe," The Economist. October 23, 1999.

"Letter from Europe," The New Yorker. July, 1992. pp. 63-73.

Wallace, William. "The Transformation of Western Europe," Royal Institute of International Affairs: London, 1990. pp. 7-34

Map from Spotlight on China: Traditions Old and New. Hazel Sara Greenberg, ed. The American Forum for Global Education.