Selections from State Standards for GRADE 7
http://www.cde.ca.gov/board/historya.html

                                            WORLD HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY:
                                          MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN TIMES

Historical and Social Sciences Analysis Skills
In addition to the standards for grades 6-8, students demonstrate the following intellectual reasoning, reflection
and research skills:

     Grades 6-8

     Chronological and Spatial Thinking

        1.students explain how major events are related to each other in time
        2.students construct various timelines of key events, people, and periods of the historical era being studied
        3.students use a variety of maps and documents to identify physical and cultural features of
          neighborhoods, cities, states, and countries and to explain the historical migration of people, expansion
          and disintegration of empires, and the growth of economic systems

     Research, Evidence and Point of View

        1.students frame questions that can be answered by historical study and research
        2.students distinguish fact from opinion in historical narratives and stories
        3.students distinguish relevant from irrelevant information, essential from incidental information, and
          verifiable from unverifiable information in historical narratives and stories
        4.students assess the credibility of primary and secondary sources and draw sound conclusions from them
        5.students detect the different historical points of view on historical events and determine the context in
          which the historical statements were made (the questions asked, sources used, author's perspectives)

     Historical Interpretation

        1.students explain the central issues and problems of the past, placing people and events in a matrix of
          time and place
        2.students understand and distinguish cause, effect, sequence, and correlation in historical events,
          including the long- and short-term causal relations
        3.students explain the sources of historical continuity and how the combination of ideas and events
          explains the emergence of new patterns
        4.students recognize the role of chance, oversight, and error in history
        5.students recognize interpretations of history are subject to change as new information is uncovered
        6.students interpret basic indicators of economic performance and conduct cost/benefit analyses in order
          to analyze economic and political issues
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Students in grade seven study the social, cultural, and technological changes that occurred in Europe, Africa, and Asia from 500-1789 AD. After reviewing the ancient world and the ways in which archaeologists and historians uncover the past, students study the history and geography of great civilizations that were developing concurrently throughout the world during medieval and early modern times. They examine the growing economic interaction among civilizations as well as the exchange of ideas, beliefs, technologies and commodities.

7.2 Students analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of civilizations of Islam in the Middle Ages, in terms of:

        1.the physical features and climate of the Arabian peninsula, its relationship to surrounding bodies of land and water and the relationship between nomadic and sedentary ways of life

        2.the origins of Islam and the life and teachings of Muhammad, including Islamic teachings on the connection with Judaism and Christianity

        3.the significance of the Qur'an and the Sunnah as the primary sources of Islamic beliefs, practice and law, and their influence in Muslims’ daily life

        4.the expansion of Muslim rule through military conquests and treaties, emphasizing the cultural blending within Muslim civilization and the spread and acceptance of Islam and the Arabic language

        5.the growth of cities and the trade routes created among Asia, Africa and Europe, the products and inventions that traveled along these routes (e.g., spices, textiles, paper, steel, new crops), and the role of merchants in Arab society

        6.the intellectual exchanges among Muslim scholars of Eurasia and Africa and the contributions Muslim scholars made to later civilizations in the areas of science, geography, mathematics, philosophy, medicine, art, and literature